In this study we conducted RNA sequencing on two brain regions (olfactory bulb and amygdala) from subjects who died from COVID-19 or who died of other causes. We found several-fold more transcriptional changes in the olfactory bulb than in the amygdala, consistent with our own work and that of others indicating that the olfactory bulb may be the initial and most common brain region infected. To some extent our results converge with pseudotime analysis towards common processes shared between the brain regions, possibly induced by the systemic immune reaction following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Changes in amygdala emphasized upregulation of interferon-related neuroinflammation genes, as well as downregulation of synaptic and other neuronal genes, and may represent the substrate of reported acute and subacute COVID-19 neurological effects. Additionally, and only in olfactory bulb, we observed an increase in angiogenesis and platelet activation genes, possibly associated with microvascular damages induced by neuroinflammation. Through coexpression analysis we identified two key genes (CAMK2B for the synaptic neuronal network and COL1A2 for the angiogenesis/platelet network) that might be interesting potential targets to reverse the effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, in olfactory bulb we detected an upregulation of olfactory and taste genes, possibly as a compensatory response to functional deafferentation caused by viral entry into primary olfactory sensory neurons. In conclusion, we were able to identify transcriptional profiles and key genes involved in neuroinflammation, neuronal reaction and olfaction induced by direct CNS infection and/or the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Objectives - To investigate: (1) whether vaccine efficacy against severe COVID-19 has decreased since Delta became the predominant variant; (2) whether efficacy wanes with time since second dose. Design - Matched case-control study. Setting - Population of Scotland from 1 December 2020 to 19 August 2021. Main outcome measure - Severe COVID-19, defined as cases with entry to critical care or fatal outcome. Results - Efficacy of vaccination against severe COVID-19 decreased in May 2021 coinciding with the replacement of the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) by the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant in Scotland, but this decrease was reversed over the next month. In the most recent time window, the efficacy of two doses against severe COVID-19 was 91% (95 percent CI 86% to 95%) for the AstraZeneca product and 92% (95 percent CI 85% to 95%) for mRNA (Pfizer or Moderna) products. Against the broader category of hospitalised or fatal COVID-19, efficacy in this time window was slightly lower: 88% (95 percent CI 85% to 90%) for the AstraZeneca product, 91% (95 percent CI 88% to 93%) for mRNA vaccines. Efficacy against COVID-19 declined rapidly in the first two months since second dose but more slowly thereafter. For hospitalised or fatal COVID-19 the model best supported by the data was one in which efficacy was the sum of a rapidly waning effect with half-life of 17 (95% CI 9 to 39) days and a time-invariant efficacy of 83%. Conclusions - These results are reassuring with respect to concerns that efficacy against severe COVID-19 might have fallen since the Delta variant became predominant. Although there is considerable uncertainty attached to any extrapolation into the future, these results suggest that the rapid early waning of efficacy against hospitalised COVID-19 after the second dose tapers off within a few months. This weakens the rationale for policies based on delivering booster doses to the entire population, rather than to vulnerable individuals for focused protection.
SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials, especially in reducing severe illness and casualty. However, the waning of humoral immunity over time has raised concern over the durability of immune memory following vaccination. Thus, we conducted a non-randomized trial among the healthcare professionals (HCWs) to investigate the long-term sustainability of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells and T cells stimulated by inactivated vaccine and the potential need for a third booster dose for the HCWs. Although neutralizing antibodies elicited by the standard two-dose vaccination schedule dropped from a peak of 31.2 AU/ml to 9.2 AU/ml 5 months after the second vaccination, spike-specific memory B and T cells were still detectable, forming the basis for a quick recall response. As expected, the faded humoral immune response was vigorously elevated to 66.8 AU/ml by 7.2 folds 1 week after the third dose along with abundant spike-specific circulating follicular helper T cells in parallel. Meanwhile, spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were also robustly elevated by 5.9 and 2.7 folds respectively. Robust expansion of memory pools by the third dose potentiated greater durability of protective immune responses. Another key finding in this trial was that HCWs with low serological response to 2 doses were not truly no responders but fully equipped with immune memory that could be quickly recalled by a third dose even 5 months after the second vaccination. Collectively, these data provide insights into the generation of long-term immunological memory by the inactivated vaccine, which has implications for future booster strategies that the frontline HCWs, individuals with low serological response to 2 dose of vaccine and immune compromised patients could benefit from a third dose of inactivated vaccine.
The Amazonas was one of the most heavily affected Brazilian states by the COVID-19 epidemic. Despite a large number of infected people, particularly during the second wave associated with the spread of the Variant of Concern (VOC) Gamma (lineage P.1), SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the Amazonas. To understand how SARS-CoV-2 persisted in a human population with a high immunity barrier, we generated 1,188 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences from individuals diagnosed in the Amazonas state from 1st January to 6th July 2021, of which 38 were vaccine breakthrough infections. Our study reveals a sharp increase in the relative prevalence of Gamma plus (P.1+) variants, designated as Pango Lineages P.1.3 to P.1.6, harboring two types of additional Spike changes: deletions in the N-terminal (NTD) domain (particularly 𝚫144 or 𝚫141-144) associated with resistance to anti-NTD neutralizing antibodies or mutations at the S1/S2 junction (N679K or P681H) that probably enhance the binding affinity to the furin cleavage site, as suggested by our molecular dynamics simulations. As lineages P.1.4 (S:N679K) and P.1.6 (S:P681H) expanded (Re > 1) from March to July 2021, the lineage P.1 declined (Re < 1) and the median Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in Amazonas significantly decreases. Still, we found no overrepresentation of P.1+ variants among breakthrough cases of fully vaccinated patients (71%) in comparison to unvaccinated individuals (93%). This evidence supports that the ongoing endemic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Amazonas is driven by the spread of new local Gamma/P.1 sub-lineages that are more transmissible, although not more efficient to evade vaccine-elicited immunity than the parental VOC. Finally, as SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread in human populations with a declining density of susceptible hosts, the risk of selecting new variants with higher infectivity are expected to increase.
Aim To identify the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in children and adolescents. Methods We conducted a systematic review. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 database, and CNKI were searched on 23 July 2021. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) was also searched to collect ongoing trials. We included published researches or ongoing clinical trials related to the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in children or adolescents (aged ≤18 years). Meta-analysis was performed if the consistency of the included studies was high. If not, descriptive analyses were performed. Results Eight published studies with 2851 children or adolescents and 28 ongoing clinical trials were included. Among eight published studies, two (25.0%) were RCTs, two (25.0%) case series, and four (50.0%) case reports. The results showed selected COVID-19 vaccines had a good safety profile in children and adolescents. Injection site pain, fatigue, headache, and chest pain were the most common adverse events. Some studies reported a few cases of myocarditis and pericarditis. Two RCTs showed that the immune response to BNT162b2 in adolescents aged 12-15 years was non-inferior to that in young people aged 16-25 years, while a stronger immune response was detected with 3μg CoronaVac injection. Only one single RCT showed the efficacy of BNT162b2 was 100% (95% CI: 75.3 to 100). Of the 28 ongoing clinical trials, twenty-three are interventional studies. Fifteen countries are conducting interventional clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents. Among them, China (10, 43.5%) and United Stated (9, 39.1%) were the top two countries with the most trials. BNT162b2 was the most common vaccine, which is under testing. Conclusion Some of the COVID-19 vaccines have potential protective effects in children and adolescents, but awareness is needed to monitor possible adverse effects after injection. Clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccine in children and adolescents with long follow-up, large sample size, and different vaccines are still urgently needed.
Objective: To examine SARS–CoV–2 vaccine confidence, attitudes and intentions in Australian adults. Methods: Nationwide survey in February–March 2021 of adults representative across sex, age and location. Vaccine uptake and a range of putative drivers of uptake, including vaccine confidence, socioeconomic status, and sources of trust, were examined using logistic and Bayesian regressions for vaccines generally and for SARS–CoV–2 vaccines. Results: Overall 1,166 surveys were collected from participants aged 18 to 90 years (mean 52, SD of 19). Seventy–eight percent reported being likely to receive a vaccine against COVID–19. Higher SARS–CoV–2 vaccine intentions were associated with: increasing age (OR: 1.04 95%CI [1.03–1.044]), being male (OR: 1.37, 95% CI [1.08–1.72]), residing in the least disadvantaged area quintile (OR: 2.27 95%CI [1.53–3.37]) and a self-perceived high risk of getting COVID–19 (OR: 1.52 95% CI [1.08–2.14]). However, 72% of participants did not believe that they were at a high risk of getting COVID-19. Findings regarding vaccines in general were similar except there were no sex differences. For both the SARS–CoV–2 vaccine and vaccines in general, there were no differences in intentions to vaccinate as a function of education level, perceived income level, and rurality. Knowing that the vaccine is safe and effective, and that getting vaccinated will protect others, trusting the company that made it and getting vaccination recommended by a doctor were reported to influence a large proportion of the study cohort to uptake the SARS–CoV–2 vaccine. Seventy–eight percent reported the intent to continue engaging in virus-protecting behaviours (mask wearing, social distancing etc.) post–vaccine. Conclusions: Seventy–eight percent of Australians are likely to receive a SARS–CoV–2 vaccine. Key influencing factors identified in this study (e.g. knowing that the vaccine is safe and effective, getting a doctor9s recommendation to get vaccinated) can be used to inform public health messaging to enhance vaccination rates. Keywords: COVID–19, Infection control, Public Health, Preventive Medicine, Respiratory infections
Abstract Objective: This study investigated the association between attending work while experiencing fever or cold symptoms and workers9 socioeconomic background and company characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was performed. Of a total of 33,302 participants, 3,676 workers who experienced fever or cold symptoms after April 2020 were included. The odds ratios (ORs) of attending work while sick associated with workers9 socioeconomic background and company characteristics were evaluated using a multilevel logistic model. Results: The OR of attending work while sick associated with a lack of policy prohibiting workers from working when ill was 2.75 (95%CI: 2.28-3.20, P<0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that clear company policies on work and illness can be effective for preventing employees from attending work while sick.
Background. Mass vaccination campaigns started in Brazil on January/2021 with CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1 nCov-19, and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines. Target populations initially included vulnerable groups such as people older than 80 years, with comorbidities, of indigenous origin, and healthcare workers. Younger age groups were gradually included. Methods. A national cohort of 66.3 million records was compiled by linking registry-certified COVID-19 vaccination records from the Brazilian National Immunization Program with information on severe COVID-19 cases and deaths. Cases and deaths were aggregated by state and age group. Mixed-effects Poisson models were used to estimate the rate of severe cases and deaths among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, and the corresponding estimates of vaccine effectiveness by vaccine platform and age group. The study period is from mid-January to mid-July 2021. Results. Estimates of vaccine effectiveness preventing deaths were highest at 97.9% (95% CrI: 93.5-99.8) among 20-39 years old with ChAdOx1 nCov-19, at 82.7% (95% CrI: 80.7-84.6) among 40-59 years old with CoronaVac, and at 89.9% (87.8–91.8) among 40-59 years old with partial immunization of BNT162b2. For all vaccines combined in the full regimen, the effectiveness preventing severe cases among individuals aged 80+ years old was 35.9% (95% CrI: 34.9-36.9) which is lower than that observed for individuals aged 60-79 years (61.0%, 95% CrI: 60.5-61.5). Conclusion. Despite varying effectiveness estimates, Brazil′s population benefited from vaccination in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Results, however, suggest significant vaccine-specific reductions in effectiveness by age, given by differences between age groups 60-79 years and over 80 years.
The significantly greater infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants of concern (VOC) is hypothesized to be driven by key mutations that result in increased transmissibility, viral load and/or evasion of host immune response. We surveyed the mutational profiles of Delta VOC genomes between September 2020 and mid-August 2021 and identified a previously unreported mutation pattern at amino acid position 142 in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein which demonstrated multiple rounds of mutation from G142 to D142 and back. This pattern of frequent back mutations was observed at multiple time points and across Delta VOC sub-lineages. The etiology for these recurrent mutations is unclear but raises the possibility of host-directed editing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Within Delta VOC this mutation is associated with higher viral load, further enhanced in the presence of another NTD mutation (T95I) which was also frequently observed in these cases. Protein modeling of both mutations predicts alterations of the surface topography of the NTD by G142D, specifically disturbance of the ′super site′ epitope that binds NTD-directed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The appearance of frequent and repeated G142D followed by D142G back mutations is previously unreported in SARS- CoV-2 and may represent viral adaptation to evolving host immunity characterized by increasing frequency of spike NAbs, from both prior infection and vaccine-based immunity. The emergence of alterations of the NTD in and around the main NAb epitope is a concerning development in the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 which may contribute to increased infectivity, immune evasion and ′breakthrough infections′ characteristic of Delta VOC. Future vaccine and therapy development may benefit by recognizing the emergence of these novel spike NTD mutations and considering their impact on antibody recognition, viral neutralization, infectivity, replication, and viral load.
Patients with immune conditions and immune-modifying therapies were excluded from the Covid-19 vaccine trials. Studies have shown conflicting response to different vaccines in persons receiving immune suppressors or biologics. The aim of this study is to evaluate humoral and cellular response to Covid-19 vaccines in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) using biologic and/or immunomodulatory (IMM) therapies. Methods: Participants are adults with IBD receiving biologics or IMM planning to receive a Covid 19 vaccine. Cellular immunity (CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels) with flow cytometry are measured at baseline and 2 weeks after each vaccine dose. Humoral immunity (antibody titers and neutralizing capacity,VNT%) is analyzed by ELISA at baseline, 2 weeks after each dose, and 6 and 12 months after vaccine. We present the early results of the first 19 subjects. The study is approved by the IRB. Results: 19 subjects (18 in biologics and 1 in IMM) who received 2 doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are included. Total IgG antibodies increased 21.13 times after the first dose and 90 times after the second dose. VTN% increased 11.92 times after the first dose and 53.79 times after the second dose. When compared with a healthy control cohort, total IgG antibodies and VTN% were lower in the subjects after the first dose. After the second dose, IgG antibodies increased but remained lower than controls, but VTN% were similar to controls. CD4 and CD8 mean levels had an upward trend after vaccination. Conclusions: Neutralizing capacity response to the vaccine in subjects was similar to a healthy cohort in spite of lower increases in total IgG antibodies. The CD4 and CD8 results observed may support the capacity to mount an effective cellular response in patients on biologics. Larger studies are needed to determine vaccine efficacy in these patients.
Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to threaten public health, the vaccination of children against the disease appears to be a key factor to control the pandemic. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of parents who have vaccinated their children against the COVID-19 and the factors influencing this decision. Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study in Greece during the first week of September 2021. The study questionnaire was distributed through social media and a convenience sample was obtained. Only parents with children aged 12-17 years old could participate in the study. We collected socio-demographic data of parents and we measured their attitudes towards vaccination and COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Study population included 656 parents. Mean age of parents was 45.5 years, while most of them were mothers with a high level of education. Regarding vaccination, 27.1% of parents had their children vaccinated against the COVID-19, while almost all children had a complete vaccination history (98.9%). The most important reasons for decline of COVID-19 vaccination were doubts about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (45.3%) and fear of side effects (36.6%). Regarding the information about the COVID-19 vaccines, parents showed more trust in family doctors than in scientists and the government. Multivariate regression analysis identified that increased parents age, increased trust in COVID-19 vaccines, and positive attitude of parents towards vaccination had a positive effect on children vaccination. Conclusions: Understanding the factors influencing parents9 decision to vaccinate their children against the COVID-19 is crucial to increase the COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate. Implementation of public health policies is necessary to spread knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines and to regain vaccine confidence.
Finding Treatments for COVID-19: A Trial of Antiviral Pharmacodynamics in Early Symptomatic COVID-19 (PLATCOV) - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: Favipiravir; Drug: Monoclonal antibodies; Drug: Ivermectin; Other: No treatment; Drug: Remdesivir
Sponsor: University of Oxford
Not yet recruiting
Study on Safety and Clinical Efficacy of AZVUDINE in Initial Stage COVID-19 Patients (SARS-CoV-2 Infected) - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: AZVUDINE; Drug: AZVUDINE placebo
Sponsors: HRH Holdngs Limited; GALZU INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH, TEACHING, APPLIED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Brazil; SANTA CASA DE MISERICORDIA DE CAMPOS HOSPITAL (SCMCH), Brazil; UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO NORTE FLUMINENSE (UENF), Brazil
Not yet recruiting
COVID-19 Morbidity in Healthcare Workers and Vitamin D Supplementation - Condition: COVID-19 Respiratory Infection
Intervention: Drug: Vitamin D
Sponsor: Federal State Budgetary Institution, V. A. Almazov Federal North-West Medical Research Centre, of the Ministry of Health
Completed
TThe Safety and Efficacy of SCTV01C in Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine.Healthy Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine. - Conditions: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Interventions: Biological: SCTV01C; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: Sinocelltech Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy of SCTV01C in Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine.Healthy Population Aged ≥18 Years Previously Vaccinated With Adenovirus Vectored or mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine. - Conditions: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Interventions: Biological: SCTV01C; Other: Placebo
Sponsor: Sinocelltech Ltd.
Not yet recruiting
Heterologous Prime-boost Immunization With an Aerosolised Adenovirus Type-5 Vector-based COVID-19 Vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) After Priming With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Vero cell); Biological: Low dose aerosolized Ad5-nCoV; Biological: High dose aerosolized Ad5-nCoV
Sponsor: Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Not yet recruiting
Text Message Nudges for COVID-19 Vaccination - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Behavioral: Text message
Sponsor:
Ascension South East Michigan
Not yet recruiting
A Pilot Study of a PhysiOthErapy-based Tailored Intervention for Long Covid - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Behavioral: Physiotherapy
Sponsors:
University of Calgary; Alberta Health Services
Not yet recruiting
Combined Antihistaminics Therapy in COVID 19 Patients - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Drug: Loratadine; Drug: Famotidine
Sponsors: Ain Shams University; Nasr City Insurance Hospital
Not yet recruiting
Prevention and Treatment of Patient Before, During, and After Covid-19 Infection - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: AntiCov-220
Sponsor:
Nguyen Thi Trieu, MD
Active, not recruiting
Quercetin in the Prevention of Covid-19 Infection - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Quercetin; Combination Product: Placebo
Sponsor: Azienda di Servizi alla Persona di Pavia
Completed
A Study to Evaluate Change in Viral Load After OPN-019 in Adults With COVID-19 - Condition: Covid19
Intervention: Drug: OPN-019
Sponsor: Optinose US Inc.
Recruiting
Physical Activity and Smell Trainings to Help Individuals With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Recover From Persistent Smell and Taste Impairments - A Pilot Study - Condition: Covid19
Interventions: Behavioral: Physical activity; Other: Smell training
Sponsor: Université de Montréal
Not yet recruiting
Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Lot Consistency of a Recombinant Coronavirus-Like Particle COVID-19 Vaccine - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Biological: CoVLP formulation
Sponsor:
Medicago
Not yet recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of KOVIR in the Combination Regimen With Background Treatment in COVID-19 Patients (KOVIR) - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Drug: KOVIR oral capsule; Drug: Placebo oral capsule
Sponsors: Sunstar Joint Stock Company; Big Leap Clinical Research Joint Stock Company
Completed
Low-Valent Calix[4]arene Glycoconjugates Based on Hydroxamic Acid Bearing Linkers as Potent Inhibitors in a Model of Ebola Virus Cis-Infection and HCMV-gB-Recombinant Glycoprotein Interaction with MDDC Cells by Blocking DC-SIGN - In addition to a variety of viral-glycoprotein receptors (e.g., heparan sulfate, Niemann-Pick C1, etc.), dendritic cell- specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), from the C-type lectin receptor family, plays one of the most important pathogenic functions for a wide range of viruses (e.g., Ebola, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), HIV-1, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, etc.) that invade host cells before replication; thus, its inhibition represents a…
Evaluation of the correlation between the Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests with the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test - Fully automated immunoassays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies that are strongly correlated with neutralization antibodies (nAbs) are clinically important because they enable assessment of humoral immunity after infection and vaccination. Access SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG II antibody tests are semi- quantitative, fully automated immunoassays that detect anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and might reflect nAb levels in coronavirus disease…
Should the world collaborate imminently to develop neglected live attenuated vaccines for COVID-19? - The rapid spread of the Delta variant suggests that SARS-CoV-2 will likely keep rampant for months or years and could claim millions of more lives. All known vaccines cannot well defeat SARS-CoV-2 except neglected live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), which could have much higher efficacy and much higher production efficiency than other vaccines. LAVs have well defeated more pathogenic viruses than other vaccines in the history, and most of the current human vaccines for viral diseases are safe LAVs….
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: The Role of the Main Components of the Innate Immune System - At the end of December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic began in Wuhan of China. COVID-19 affects different people with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic with recovery without hospitalization up to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The innate and adaptive immunity appears responsible for the defense against the virus and recovery from the disease. The innate immune system, as the first line of defense, is essential for the detection of virus and…
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus using ACE2-engineered extracellular vesicles - The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has resulted in stressful healthcare burdens and global health crises. Developing an effective measure to protect people from infection is an urgent need. The blockage of interaction between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein is considered an essential target for anti- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs. A full-length ACE2 protein could be a potential drug to block early entry…
The Role of Steroids in the Management of COVID-19 Infection - Steroids are anti-inflammatory drugs that have been utilized in a wide range of clinical illnesses, including rheumatologic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and numerous lung diseases. Because of the inhibition of the inflammatory cascade, corticosteroids are beneficial in many pulmonary disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), laryngotracheobronchitis, interstitial lung diseases, severe pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We will report a case of a…
N-Terminal Modification of Gly-His-tagged Proteins with Azidogluconolactone - Site-specific protein modifications are vital for biopharmaceutical drug development. Gluconoylation is a non-enzymatic, post-translational modification of N-terminal HisTags. We report high-yield, site-selective in vitro α-aminoacylation of peptides, glycoproteins, antibodies, and Virus-like particles (VLPs) with azidogluconolactone at pH 7.5 in 1 h. Conjugates slowly hydrolyse, but diol-masking with borate esters inhibits reversibility. In an example, we multimerise azidogluconoylated…
Influence of coronavirus disease 2019 on myopic progression in children treated with low-concentration atropine - CONCLUSIONS: The rates of myopic progression have increased substantially after the spread of COVID-19 with an increase in the home confinement of children. Therefore, it is necessary to control the environmental risk factors for myopia, even in children undergoing treatment for the inhibition of myopic progression.
New Chalcone Derivatives as Effective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents - CONCLUSIONS: Computational analyses identified eight compounds inhibiting each target, with binding affinity scores ranging from -4,370 to -2,748 kcal/mol along with their toxicological, ADME, and drug-like properties.
Efficacy of Combination Therapy With The JAK Inhibitor Baricitinib In The Treatment of COVID-19 - CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the utility of immunosuppression via JAK inhibition in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
Social network-based cohorting to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in secondary schools: A simulation study in classrooms of four European countries - BACKGROUND: Operating schools safely under pandemic conditions is a widespread policy goal. We analyse the effectiveness of classroom cohorting, i.e., the decomposition of classrooms into smaller isolated units, in inhibiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in European secondary schools and compare different cohorting strategies.
Telaprevir is a potential drug for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2: computational and in vitro studies - Drug repurposing is an important approach to the assignment of already approved drugs for new indications. This technique bypasses some steps in the traditional drug approval system, which saves time and lives in the case of pandemics. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) have repeatedly repurposed from treating one virus to another. In this study, 16 FDA-approved hepatitis C virus (HCV) DAA drugs were studied to explore their activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2…
Endocytosis of abiotic nanomaterials and nanobiovectors: Inhibition of membrane trafficking - Humans are exposed to nanoscopical nanobiovectors (e.g. coronavirus SARS-CoV-2) as well as abiotic metal/carbon-based nanomaterials that enter cells serendipitously or intentionally. Understanding the interactions of cell membranes with these abiotic and biotic nanostructures will facilitate scientists to design better functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Such knowledge will also provide important clues for the control of viral infections and the treatment of virus-induced…
Polymeric Materials as Potential Inhibitors Against SARS-CoV-2 - Recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 caused a pandemic that triggered researchers worldwide to focus their research on all aspects of this new peril to humanity. However, in the absence of specific therapeutic intervention, some preventive strategies and supportive treatment minimize the viral transmission as studied by some factors such as basic reproduction number, case fatality rate, and incubation period in the epidemiology of viral diseases. This review briefly discusses coronaviruses’ life cycle…
Asunaprevir, a Potent Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor, Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Propagation - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global health concern. Various SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed and are being used for vaccination worldwide. However, no therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been developed so far; therefore, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed. In the present study, we evaluated several hepatitis C virus direct-acting antivirals as potential candidates for drug repurposing against…
MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO ANALYSE THE CONDITION OF COVID-19 PATIENTS BASED ON THEIR SATURATION LEVELS - - link
A HERB BASED COMPOSITION ANTI VIRAL MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF SARS COV 2 AND A METHOD FOR TREATING A PERSON INFECTED BY THE SARS COV 2 VIRUS - A Herbal composition, viz., PONNU MARUNTHU essentially comprising of ALLUIUM CEPA extract. [concentrated to 30%] 75%, SAPINDUS MUKOROSSI - extract [Optimised] 10%, CITRUS X LIMON - extract in its natural form 05 TRACYSPERMUM AMMI (L) – extract 07%,ROSA HYBRIDA - extract 03%, PONNU MARUNTHU solution 50 ml, or as a capsulated PONNU MARUNTHU can be given to SARS cov2 positive Patients, three times a day that is ½ an hour before food; continued for 3 days to 5 days and further taking it for 2 days if need be there; It will completely cure a person. When the SARS cov2 test shows negative this medicine can be discontinued. This indigenous medicine and method for treating a person inflicted with SARS COV 2 viral infection is quite effective in achieving of much needed remedy for the patients and saving precious lives from the pangs of death and ensuring better health of people. - link
Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
Expression Vector for Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies - - link
DEVELOPMENT OF CNN SCHEME FOR COVID-19 DISEASE DETECTION USING CHEST RADIOGRAPH - - link
一种检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合及其应用 - 本发明提供了一种检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合及其应用，所述检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合包括特异性扩增并检测2019‑nCoV的ORF1ab基因、核壳蛋白N基因和刺突蛋白S基因N501Y突变位点的特异性引物对和探针。本发明还提供了一种检测新型冠状病毒的试剂盒及其以非疾病诊断和/或治疗为目的的使用方法。本发明所述检测新型冠状病毒的引物探针组合具有良好的特异性与灵敏度，配合优化后的检测体系，可以对待测样本进行快速准确的检测，并可以对整个实验流程进行监控，降低假阳性以及假阴性检测结果的出现概率，具有重要的意义。 - link
SARS-COV-2 BINDING PROTEINS - - link
COVID-19胸部CT图像识别方法、装置及电子设备 - 本申请涉及一种COVID‑19胸部CT图像识别方法、装置及电子设备。所述方法获取COVID‑19的胸部CT图像，并针对胸部CT图像的特点，构建新冠肺炎CT识别网络，对该网络进行训练得到COVID‑19胸部CT图像识别模型，并利用该模型对待测CT图像进行分类。采用空洞卷积、深度卷积以及点卷积算子，减少冗余参数；采用并行结构连接方式，实现多尺度特征融合、降低模型复杂度；采用下采样方式，使用最大模糊池化以减少锯齿效应，保持信号的平移不变性；采用通道混洗操作，减少参数量与计算量，提高分类准确率，引入坐标注意力机制，使空间坐标信息与通道信息被关注，抑制不重要的信息，以解决资源匹配问题。 - link
A PROCESS FOR PREPARING MONTELUKAST SODIUM FOR TREATING COVID 19 PATIENTS - - link
IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI-COVID 19 AGENT SOMNIFERINE AS INHIBITOR OF MPRO & ACE2-RBD INTERACTION - - link